A sesame allergy is a form of food allergy that occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies sesame as harmful. In response, the body releases chemicals like histamine, which causes allergic symptoms.
Sesame allergy often begins in childhood and typically persists into adulthood. However, about 20% to 30% of children outgrow the allergy, usually by the age of 6 years. It is also possible to develop a sesame allergy as an adult.
Over the past 20 years, sesame allergy appears to have become more widespread, though the exact number of people affected remains unknown.
The symptoms of sesame allergy can differ from one person to another and may range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
In other cases, sesame allergy may lead to anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
The immune system of those with a sesame allergy mistakenly overreacts to sesame. As a result, it produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE), which recognize sesame as a threat. Even a small amount of sesame triggers these antibodies to signal your immune system to release histamines in larger quantities and other chemicals into the blood. These chemicals lead to inflammation in areas such as the throat, skin, lungs, eyes, and digestive tract, causing symptoms of an allergic reaction.
While the exact cause of food allergies is not fully understood, they mostly run in families. Also, if you have other allergies to food or allergic conditions, such as eczema or hay fever, then you are at a higher risk of developing a sesame allergy.
Anaphylaxis is the primary complication linked with a sesame allergy. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the entire body. It may initially resemble a mild allergic reaction but can escalate quickly. Key symptoms are categorized as ABC:
In severe cases, blood pressure can drop dangerously low, leading to extreme weakness, collapse, or even death.
To determine if you have a sesame allergy, your doctor will typically conduct a physical examination, review your family and medical history, and discuss any symptoms you’ve experienced. They may also order one or more of the following allergy tests:
Performed in a doctor’s or allergist’s office, you will consume small, gradually increasing amounts of sesame under medical supervision. The healthcare team will observe you for any signs of an allergic reaction, and emergency equipment will be on hand in case of a severe reaction.
There is currently no treatment for sesame allergy, and the best way to manage it is to refrain from using sesame in all forms. However, you should also be prepared for accidental exposure.
Your GP may provide an allergy action plan, which is a document outlining how to handle allergic reactions effectively. The plan differentiates between mild and serious symptoms and provides instructions for managing each type. For kids, this plan should also be given to teachers, coaches, and providers to ensure they know how to respond in an emergency.
Mild symptoms can often be treated with an antihistamine. For severe reactions, your doctor will recommend an epinephrine auto-injector pen, which you should carry at all times.
If you experience anaphylaxis, administer epinephrine immediately and call emergency services. It’s important for the doctor to monitor you even if your symptoms seem to subside to avoid another reaction.
Navigating life with a sesame allergy requires vigilance and preparation, especially since sesame is a common ingredient in many foods and products.
If you have a sesame allergy, steer clear of:
You should also keep an eye on products labelled with alternative terms, such as Sesamol, Sesamum indicum, Sesemolina, Til, and Sim sim.
Besides foods, it’s also advisable to avoid cross-contact. For instance, do not use a knife that has been used to slice a hummus sandwich.
Sesame oil or derivatives may be present in:
Always read labels for “Sesamum indicum”, which is a scientific name.
If you’re avoiding sesame, try these alternatives:
When you have a sesame allergy, your immune system overreacts whenever you consume something containing sesame. The most effective way to prevent an allergic reaction is by avoiding foods that may include sesame seeds or oil. Your provider helps create an allergy action plan, which is a detailed guide to help you prepare for and manage potential allergic reactions.
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